专题讲解：
翻译的原则（2）
达的原则
所谓“达”，就是要顺达、通顺。
翻译时必须做到译文通顺流畅，符合汉语的表达习惯。英语和汉语的语言思维差别很大。这样，译者翻译时必须在传达思想的同时，做好语言习惯的转化，以便得到的译文能够成为规范的汉语，为汉语阅读者读懂。例如：
It is mark of Rembrandt's entrepreneurial achievement that he managed to get so many artists to
adopt his idiosyncratic style and pass themselves off as him.
误译：那是伦布朗企业家般的成就的标志，他成功的使那么多艺术家采用他那独特的方式以及把他们自己假扮成伦布朗。该句原文中it是形式主语，翻译时为尊重汉语习惯，可以省略不译，that后引导的是真正的主语。
正确翻译：伦布朗能够使这么多艺术家采用他那独特的方式以及把自己假冒成伦布朗，这标志了他企业家般的成就。
专题训练：
2004年翻译真题
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.（61）The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought which took root in
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different rom their own.Two anthropologists—linguists，Franz Boas and Edward Sapir，were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.
（62）We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished，as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.Other linguists in the earlier part of this century，however，who were less eager to deal with bizarre（古怪的）data from“exotic（外来的）”language，were not always so grateful.（63）The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the wellstudied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.Native American languages are indeed different，so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World WarⅡto sand secret messages.
Sapir’s pupil，Benjamin Lee Whorf，continued the study of American Indian languages.（64）Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language，the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.（65）Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a society.Later，this idea became to be known as the SapirWhorf hypothesis，but this term is somewhat inappropriate.Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages，Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
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